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Dagster Data Engineering Glossary:


Data Versioning

Maintain a history of changes to data for auditing and tracking purposes.

Data versioning definition:

Versioning of data is a process of tracking and managing changes made to data over time. It is important in modern data pipelines because it enables data engineers to keep track of changes made to the data and revert to a previous version if necessary.

Data versioning example using Python:

Here are some practical examples of data versioning in data engineering using dvc. Please note that you need to have the dvc library installed in your Python environment to run this code:

One way to implement versioning of data in Python is by using Git, a version control system. Data can be stored in a Git repository, with each commit representing a new version of the data. Git provides tools for comparing different versions of the data and merging changes made to different versions.

Another way to implement versioning of data is by using a data version control system (DVCS) like DVC (Data Version Control). DVC allows data scientists and engineers to track and version datasets, models, and experiments. DVC stores data in remote repositories and provides features like tracking data lineage, enabling reproducibility, and sharing data across teams.

Here is an example of how to use DVC for versioning data in Python:

Install DVC using pip:

$ pip install dvc

Initialize a DVC repository- for this example we wil not be using an SCM tool (e.g. Git).:

$ dvc init --no-scm

Add data to the DVC repository:

$ dvc add data.csv

Commit the data to the DVC repository:

$ git add data.csv.dvc
$ git commit -m "Add data.csv"

[main (root-commit) 750be23] Add data.csv
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 data.csv.dvc

Make changes to the data and commit them to the DVC repository:

dvc add data.csv
git add data.csv.dvc
git commit -m "Update data.csv"

Realpython provides a complete tutorial on DVC, that you can find here.


Other data engineering terms related to
Data Management:
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Append

Adding or attaching new records or data items to the end of an existing dataset, database table, file, or list.
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Archive

Move rarely accessed data to a low-cost, long-term storage solution to reduce costs. Store data for long-term retention and compliance.
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Augment

Add new data or information to an existing dataset to enhance its value.
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Auto-materialize

The automatic execution of computations and the persistence of their results.
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Backup

Create a copy of data to protect against loss or corruption.
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Batch Processing

Process large volumes of data all at once in a single operation or batch.
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Cache

Store expensive computation results so they can be reused, not recomputed.
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Categorize

Organizing and classifying data into different categories, groups, or segments.
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Checkpointing

Saving the state of a process at certain points so that it can be restarted from that point in case of failure.
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Deduplicate

Identify and remove duplicate records or entries to improve data quality.
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Deserialize

Deserialization is essentially the reverse process of serialization. See: 'Serialize'.
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Dimensionality

Analyzing the number of features or attributes in the data to improve performance.
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Encapsulate

The bundling of data with the methods that operate on that data.
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Enrich

Enhance data with additional information from external sources.
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Export

Extract data from a system for use in another system or application.
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Graph Theory

A powerful tool to model and understand intricate relationships within our data systems.
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Idempotent

An operation that produces the same result each time it is performed.
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Index

Create an optimized data structure for fast search and retrieval.
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Integrate

Combine data from different sources to create a unified view for analysis or reporting.
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Lineage

Understand how data moves through a pipeline, including its origin, transformations, dependencies, and ultimate consumption.
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Linearizability

Ensure that each individual operation on a distributed system appear to occur instantaneously.
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Materialize

Executing a computation and persisting the results into storage.
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Memoize

Store the results of expensive function calls and reusing them when the same inputs occur again.
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Merge

Combine data from multiple datasets into a single dataset.
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Model

Create a conceptual representation of data objects.
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Monitor

Track data processing metrics and system health to ensure high availability and performance.
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Named Entity Recognition

Locate and classify named entities in text into pre-defined categories.
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Parse

Interpret and convert data from one format to another.
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Partition

Data partitioning is a technique that data engineers and ML engineers use to divide data into smaller subsets for improved performance.
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Prep

Transform your data so it is fit-for-purpose.
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Preprocess

Transform raw data before data analysis or machine learning modeling.
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Primary Key

A unique identifier for a record in a database table that helps maintain data integrity.
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Replicate

Create a copy of data for redundancy or distributed processing.

Scaling

Increasing the capacity or performance of a system to handle more data or traffic.
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Schema Inference

Automatically identify the structure of a dataset.
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Schema Mapping

Translate data from one schema or structure to another to facilitate data integration.
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Secondary Index

Improve the efficiency of data retrieval in a database or storage system.
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Software-defined Asset

A declarative design pattern that represents a data asset through code.
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Synchronize

Ensure that data in different systems or databases are in sync and up-to-date.
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Validate

Check data for completeness, accuracy, and consistency.
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